Grass toolbox modules

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GRASSツールボックス モジュール

The GRASS Shell inside the GRASS Toolbox provides access to almost all (more than 300) GRASS modules in command line modus. To offer a more user friendly working environment, about 200 of the available GRASS modules and functionalities are also provided by graphical dialogs.

GRASS Toolbox data import and export modules

This Section lists all graphical dialogs in the GRASS Toolbox to import and export data into a currently selected GRASS location and mapset.

表 13: GRASS Toolbox: Raster and Image data import modules
Raster and Image data import modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.in.arc Convert an ESRI ARC/INFO ascii raster file (GRID) into a (binary) raster map layer
r.in.ascii Convert an ASCII raster text file into a (binary) raster map layer
r.in.aster Georeferencing, rectification, and import of Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEM's using gdalwarp
r.in.gdal Import GDAL supported raster file into a GRASS binary raster map layer
r.in.gdal.loc Import GDAL supported raster file into a GRASS binary raster map layer and create a fitted location
r.in.gdal.qgis Import loaded raster into a GRASS binary raster map layer
r.in.gdal.qgis.loc Import loaded raster file into a GRASS binary raster map layer and create a fitted location
r.in.gridatb Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into GRASS raster map
r.in.mat Import a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster
r.in.poly Create raster maps from ascii polygon/line data files in the current directory
r.in.srtm Import SRTM HGT files into GRASS
i.in.spotvgt Import of SPOT VGT NDVI file into a raster map


表 14: GRASS Toolbox: Raster and Image data export modules
Raster and Image data export modules in

the GRASS

Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.out.gdal.gtiff Export raster layer to Geo TIFF
r.out.arc Converts a raster map layer into an ESRI ARCGRID file
r.gridatb Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL)
r.out.mat Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File
r.out.bin Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array
r.out.png Export GRASS raster as non-georeferenced PNG image format
r.out.ppm Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file at the pixel resolution of the CURRENTLY DEFINED REGION
r.out.ppm3 Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file at the pixel resolution of the CURRENTLY DEFINED REGION
r.out.pov Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POVRAY
r.out.tiff Exports a GRASS raster map to a 8/24bit TIFF image file at the pixel resolution of the currently defined region
r.out.vrml Export a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)


表 15: GRASS Toolbox: Vector data import modules
Vector data import modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
v.in.dxf Import DXF vector layer
v.in.e00 Import ESRI E00 file in a vector map
v.in.garmin Import vector from gps using gpstrans
v.in.gpsbabel Import vector from gps using gpsbabel
v.in.mapgen Import MapGen or MatLab vectors in GRASS
v.in.ogr Import OGR/PostGIS vector layers
v.in.ogr.qgis Import loaded vector layers into GRASS binary vector map
v.in.ogr.loc Import OGR/PostGIS vector layers and create a fitted location
v.in.ogr.qgis.loc Import loaded vector layers into GRASS binary vector map and create a fitted location
v.in.ogr.all Import all the OGR/PostGIS vector layers in a given data source
v.in.ogr.all.loc Import all the OGR/PostGIS vector layers in a given data source and create a fitted location


表 16: GRASS Toolbox: Vector data export modules
Vector data export modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
v.out.ogr Export vector layer to various formats (OGR library)
v.out.ogr.gml Export vector layer to GML
v.out.ogr.postgis Export vector layer to various formats (OGR library)
v.out.ogr.mapinfo Mapinfo export of vector layer
v.out.ascii Convert a GRASS binary vector map to a GRASS ASCII vector map
v.out.dxf converts a GRASS vector map to DXF


GRASS Toolbox data type conversion modules

This Section lists all graphical dialogs in the GRASS Toolbox to convert raster to vector or vector to raster data in a currently selected GRASS location and mapset.

表 17: GRASS Toolbox: Data type conversion modules
Data type conversion modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.to.vect.point Convert a raster to vector points
r.to.vect.line Convert a raster to vector lines
r.to.vect.area Convert a raster to vector areas
v.to.rast.constant Convert a vector to raster using constant
v.to.rast.attr Convert a vector to raster using attribute values


GRASS Toolbox region and projection configuration modules

This Section lists all graphical dialogs in the GRASS Toolbox to manage and change the current mapset region and to configure your projection.

表 18: GRASS Toolbox: Region and projection configuration modules
Region and projection configuration modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
g.region.save Save the current region as a named region
g.region.zoom Shrink the current region until it meets non-NULL data from a given raster map
g.region.multiple.raster Set the region to match multiple raster maps
g.region.multiple.vector Set the region to match multiple vector maps
g.proj.print Print projection information of the current location
g.proj.geo Print projection information from a georeferenced file (raster, vector or image)
g.proj.ascii.new Print projection information from a georeferenced ASCII file containing a WKT projection description
g.proj.proj Print projection information from a PROJ.4 projection description file
g.proj.ascii.new Print projection information from a georeferenced ASCII file containing a WKT projection description and create a new location based on it
g.proj.geo.new Print projection information from a georeferenced file (raster, vector or image) and create a new location based on it
g.proj.proj.new Print projection information from a PROJ.4 projection description file and create a new location based on it
m.cogo A simple utility for converting bearing and distance measurements to coordinates and vice versa. It assumes a cartesian coordinate system

GRASS Toolbox raster data modules

This Section lists all graphical dialogs in the GRASS Toolbox to work with and analyse raster data in a currently selected GRASS location and mapset.

表 19: GRASS Toolbox: Develop raster map modules
Develop raster map modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.compress Compresses and decompresses raster maps
r.region.region Sets the boundary definitions to current or default region
r.region.raster Sets the boundary definitions from existent raster map
r.region.vector Sets the boundary definitions from existent vector map
r.region.edge Sets the boundary definitions by edge (n-s-e-w)
r.region.alignTo Sets region to align to a raster map
r.null.val Transform cells with value in null cells
r.null.to Transform null cells in value cells
r.quant This routine produces the quantization file for a floating-point map
r.resamp.stats Resamples raster map layers using aggregation
r.resamp.interp Resamples raster map layers using interpolation
r.resample GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability. Before you must set new resolution
r.resamp.rst Reinterpolates and computes topographic analysis using regularized spline with tension and smoothing
r.support Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer support files
r.support.stats Update raster map statistics
r.proj Re-project a raster map from one location to the current location


表 20: GRASS Toolbox: Raster color management modules
Raster color management modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.colors.table Set raster color table from setted tables
r.colors.rules Set raster color table from setted rules
r.colors.rast Set raster color table from existing raster
r.blend Blend color components for two raster maps by given ratio
r.composite Blend red, green, raster layers to obtain one color raster
r.his Generates red, green and blue raster map layers combining hue, intensity, and saturation (his) values from user-specified input raster map layers


表 21: GRASS Toolbox: Spatial raster analysis modules
Spatial raster analysis modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.buffer Raster buffer
r.mask Create a MASK for limiting raster operation
r.mapcalc Raster map calculator
r.mapcalculator Simple map algebra
r.neighbors Raster neighbors analyses
v.neighbors Count of neighbouring points
r.cross Create a cross product of the category value from multiple raster map layers
r.series Makes each output cell a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the output raster map layers
r.patch Create a new raster map by combining other raster maps
r.statistics Category or object oriented statistics
r.cost Outputs a raster map layer showing the cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map layer whose cell category values represent cost
r.drain Traces a flow through an elevation model on a raster map layer
r.shaded.relief Create shaded map
r.slope.aspect.slope Generate slope map from DEM (digital elevation model)
r.slope.aspect.aspect Generate aspect map from DEM (digital elevation model)
r.param.scale Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM
r.texture Generate images with textural features from a raster map (first serie of indices)
r.texture.bis Generate images with textural features from a raster map (second serie of indices)
r.los Line-of-sigth raster analysis
r.clump Recategorizes into unique categories contiguous cells
r.grow Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by one cell
r.thin Thin no-zero cells that denote line features


表 22: GRASS Toolbox: Surface management modules
Surface management modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.random Creates a random vector point map contained in a raster
r.random.cells Generates random cell values with spatial dependence
v.kernel Gaussian kernel density
r.contour Produces a contours vector map with specified step from a raster map
r.contour2 Produces a contours vector map of specified contours from a raster map
r.surf.fractal Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension
r.surf.gauss GRASS module to produce a raster map layer of gaussian deviates whose mean and standard deviation can be expressed by the user
r.surf.random Produces a raster map layer of uniform random deviates whose range can be expressed by the user
r.bilinear Bilinear interpolation utility for raster map layers
v.surf.bispline Bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization
r.surf.idw Surface interpolation utility for raster map layers
r.surf.idw2 Surface generation program
r.surf.contour Surface generation program from rasterized contours
v.surf.idw Interpolate attribute values (IDW)
v.surf.rst Interpolate attribute values (RST)
r.fillnulls Fills no-data areas in raster maps using v.surf.rst splines interpolation


表 23: GRASS Toolbox: Change raster category values and labels modules
Raster category and label modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.reclass.area.greater Reclasses a raster map greater than user specified area size (in hectares)
r.reclass.area.lesser Reclasses a raster map less than user specified area size (in hectares)
r.reclass Reclass a raster using a reclassification rules file
r.recode Recode raster maps
r.rescale Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer


表 24: GRASS Toolbox: Hydrologic modelling modules
Hydrologic modelling modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.carve Takes vector stream data, transforms it to raster, and subtracts depth from the output DEM
r.fill.dir Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation layer
r.lake.xy Fills lake from seed point at given level
r.lake.seed Fills lake from seed at given level
r.topidx Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps
r.basins.fill Generates a raster map layer showing watershed subbasins
r.water.outlet Watershed basin creation program


表 25: GRASS Toolbox: Reports and statistic analysis modules
Reports and statistic analysis modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
r.category Prints category values and labels associated with user-specified raster map layers
r.sum Sums up the raster cell values
r.report Reports statistics for raster map layers
r.average Finds the average of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map
r.median Finds the median of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map
r.mode Finds the mode of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map.reproject raster image
r.volume Calculates the volume of data clumps, and produces a GRASS vector points map containing the calculated centroids of these clumps
r.surf.area Surface area estimation for rasters
r.univar Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map
r.covar Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified raster map layer(s)
r.regression.line Calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y = a + b * x
r.coin Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories for two raster map layers

GRASS Toolbox vector data modules

This Section lists all graphical dialogs in the GRASS Toolbox to work with and analyse vector data in a currently selected GRASS location and mapset.

表 26: GRASS Toolbox: Develop vector map modules
Develop vector map modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
v.build.all Rebuild topology of all vectors in the mapset
v.clean.break Break lines at each intersection of vector map
v.clean.snap Cleaning topology: snap lines to vertex in threshold
v.clean.rmdangles Cleaning topology: remove dangles
v.clean.chdangles Cleaning topology: change the type of boundary dangle to line
v.clean.rmbridge Remove bridges connecting area and island or 2 islands
v.clean.chbridge Change the type of bridges connecting area and island or 2 islands
v.clean.rmdupl Remove duplicate lines (pay attention to categories!)
v.clean.rmdac Remove duplicate area centroids
v.clean.bpol Break polygons. Boundaries are broken on each point shared between 2 and more polygons where angles of segments are different
v.clean.prune Remove vertices in threshold from lines and boundaries
v.clean.rmarea Remove small areas (removes longest boundary with adjacent area)
v.clean.rmline Remove all lines or boundaries of zero length
v.clean.rmsa Remove small angles between lines at nodes
v.type.lb Convert lines to boundaries
v.type.bl Convert boundaries to lines
v.type.pc Convert points to centroids
v.type.cp Convert centroids to points
v.centroids Add missing centroids to closed boundaries
v.build.polylines Build polylines from lines
v.segment Creates points/segments from input vector lines and positions
v.to.points Create points along input lines
v.parallel Create parallel line to input lines
v.dissolve Dissolves boundaries between adjacent areas
v.drape Convert 2D vector to 3D vector by sampling of elevation raster
v.transform Performs an affine transformation on a vector map
v.proj Allows projection conversion of vector files
v.support Updates vector map metadata
generalize Vector based generalization


表 27: GRASS Toolbox: Database connection modules
Database connection modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
v.db.connect Connect a vector to database
v.db.sconnect Disconnect a vector from database
v.db.what.connect Set/Show database connection for a vector


表 28: GRASS Toolbox: Change vector field modules
Change vector field modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
v.category.add Add elements to layer (ALL elements of the selected layer type!)
v.category.del Delete category values
v.category.sum Add a value to the current category values
v.reclass.file Reclass category values using a rules file
v.reclass.attr Reclass category values using a column attribute (integer positive)


表 29: GRASS Toolbox: Working with vector points modules
Working with vector points modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
v.in.region Create new vector area map with current region extent
v.mkgrid.region Create grid in current region
v.in.db Import vector points from a database table containing coordinates
v.random Randomly generate a 2D/3D GRASS vector point map
v.kcv Randomly partition points into test/train sets
v.outlier Romove outliers from vector point data
v.hull Create a convex hull
v.delaunay.line Delaunay triangulation (lines)
v.delaunay.area Delaunay triangulation (areas)
v.voronoi.line Voronoi diagram (lines)
v.voronoi.area Voronoi diagram (areas)


表 30: GRASS Toolbox: Spatial vector and network analysis modules
Spatial vector and network analysis modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
v.extract.where Select features by attributes
v.extract.list Extract selected features
v.select.overlap Select features overlapped by features in another map
v.buffer Vector buffer
v.distance Find the nearest element in vector 'to' for elements in vector 'from'.
v.net.nodes Create nodes on network
v.net.alloc Allocate network
v.net.iso Cut network by cost isolines
v.net.salesman Connect nodes by shortest route (traveling salesman)
v.net.steiner Connect selected nodes by shortest tree (Steiner tree)
v.patch Create a new vector map by combining other vector maps
v.overlay.or Vector union
v.overlay.and Vector intersection
v.overlay.not Vector subtraction
v.overlay.xor Vector non-intersection


表 31: GRASS Toolbox: Vector update by other maps modules
Vector update by other maps modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
v.rast.stats Calculates univariate statistics from a GRASS raster map based on vector objects
v.what.vect Uploads map for which to edit attribute table
v.what.rast Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table
v.sample Sample a raster file at site locations


表 32: GRASS Toolbox: Vector report and statistic modules
Vector report and statistic modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
v.to.db Put geometry variables in database
v.report Reports geometry statistics for vectors
v.univar Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column for a GRASS vector map
v.normal Tests for normality for points

GRASS Toolbox imagery data modules

This Section lists all graphical dialogs in the GRASS Toolbox to work with and analyse imagery data in a currently selected GRASS location and mapset.

表 33: GRASS Toolbox: Imagery analysis modules
Imagery analysis modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
i.image.mosaik Mosaic up to 4 images
i.rgb.his Red Green Blue (RGB) to Hue Intensity Saturation (HIS) raster map color transformation function
i.his.rgb Hue Intensity Saturation (HIS) to Red Green Blue (RGB) raster map color transform function
i.landsat.rgb Auto-balancing of colors for LANDSAT images
i.fusion.brovey Brovey transform to merge multispectral and high-res pancromatic channels
i.zc Zero-crossing edge detection raster function for image processing
i.mfilter
i.tasscap4 Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation for LANDSAT-TM 4 data
i.tasscap5 Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation for LANDSAT-TM 5 data
i.tasscap7 Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation for LANDSAT-TM 7 data
i.fft Fast fourier transform (FFT) for image processing
i.ifft Inverse fast fourier transform for image processing
r.describe Prints terse list of category values found in a raster map layer
r.bitpattern Compares bit patterns with a raster map
r.kappa Calculate error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy assessment of classification result
i.oif Calculates optimal index factor table for landsat tm bands


GRASS Toolbox database modules

This Section lists all graphical dialogs in the GRASS Toolbox to manage, connect and work with internal and external databases. Working with spatial external databases is enabled via OGR and not covered by these modules.

表 34: GRASS Toolbox: Database modules
Database management and analysis modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
db.connect Sets general DB connection mapset
db.connect.schema Sets general DB connection mapset with a schema
v.db.reconnect.all Reconnect vector to a new database
db.login Set user/password for driver/database
db.in.ogr Imports attribute tables in various formats
v.db.addtable Create and add a new table to a vector
v.db.addcol Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to a given vector map
v.db.dropcol Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given vector map
v.db.renamecol Renames a column in a attribute table connected to a given vector map
v.db.update_const Allows to assign a new constant value to a column
v.db.update_query Allows to assign a new constant value to a column only if the result of a query is TRUE
v.db.update_op Allows to assign a new value, result of operation on column(s), to a column in the attribute table connected to a given map
v.db.update_op_query Allows to assign a new value to a column, result of operation on column(s), only if the result of a query is TRUE
db.execute Execute any SQL statement
db.select Prints results of selection from database based on SQL
v.db.select Prints vector map attributes
v.db.select.where Prints vector map attributes with SQL
v.db.join Allows to join a table to a vector map table
v.db.univar Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column for a GRASS vector map


GRASS Toolbox 3D modules

This Section lists all graphical dialogs in the GRASS Toolbox to work with 3D data. GRASS provides more modules, but they are currently only available using the GRASS Shell.

表 35: GRASS Toolbox: 3D Visualization
3D visualization and analysis modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
nviz Open 3D-View in nviz

GRASS Toolbox help modules

The GRASS GIS Reference Manual offers a complete overview of the available GRASS modules, not limited to the modules and their often reduced functionalities implemented in the GRASS Toolbox.

表 36: GRASS Toolbox: Reference Manual
Reference Manual modules in the GRASS Toolbox
Module name Purpose
g.manual Display the HTML manual pages of GRASS